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The Lexical Term, “Adage” — represents a Grammtical Structure which is any short Phrase —  similar to an Aphorism — which is:  Concise, Memorable, and usually Philosophical (or at-least slightly philosophical).
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Another important part that causes a simply phrase to be known-as an Adage, is that is has been used for many years, and often within different cultures throughout the world.  They are, essentially, very basic phrases which express some Truth which is obvious, well-known, and not usually contested.
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The term “Adage” — is often described as some sort of aphorism…  However, the term, “Aphorism” is often described as being different than an Adage; specifically that it is not as old, or widley used.
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The truth is — both of these terms are going to be considered in different ways by different people.  Most people who are not language professionals will cal ALL Lexical Phrases:  “Sayings” or “Figures Of Speech”.
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And most people who ARE (supposedly) “Language Professionals” simply refer to ALL of them as “Phrases”…  (which is like referring to Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo & Violet as nothing more than “Colors”…  It may be true, but it isn’t saying much.)

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Another way to think about this is — An Adage is usually a phrase which can be something that a person “Lives By” — like a personal philosophy, or guiding principle.  Where-as — An Aphorism is used to make some sort of comment regarding a specific situation.
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“The Teacher”

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See Also:

• • Adage — (Pronunciation Portal)

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